Paralympic Games 2008 Beijing, China

XIII Paralympic Games
"Sky, Earth, and Human Beings", emblem of the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games
Host city	Beijing, China
Motto	同一個世界 同一個夢想 (One World, One Dream)
Nations participating	148
Athletes participating	over 4,200
Events	20 sports
Opening ceremony	September 6
Closing ceremony	September 17
Officially opened by	President Hu Jintao
Paralympic Torch	Hou Bin
Stadium	Beijing National Stadium
Summer:
< Athens 2004 London 2012 >
Winter:
< Turin 2006 Vancouver 2010

The 2008 Summer Paralympic Games, the thirteenth Paralympics, took place in Beijing, China from September 6 to September 17, 2008. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, equestrian events were held in Hong Kong and sailing events in Qingdao.

Over 4,200 athletes from 148 countries were expected to take part.^[1] This was the largest ever number of nations at the Paralympics (twelve more than in Athens), and several countries competed for the first time.^[2] China fielded more athletes than any other country. The slogan for the 2008 Paralympics was the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream" (Chinese: 同一個世界 同一個夢想; Pinyin Tóng yīge shìjìe tóng yīge mèngxiǎng, lit. "One World, One Dream"). China dominated the medal count finishing with 89 gold medals and 211 total medals, more than double the next-ranked NPC in both cases.

International Paralympic Committee (IPC) President Philip Craven declared the Games "the greatest Paralympic Games ever."^[3]

Contents  [hide] 1 Venues 2 Symbols 2.1 Emblem 2.2 Slogan 2.3 Mascots 2.4 Theme song 3 Torch Relay 4 The Games 4.1 Opening ceremony 4.2 Closing ceremony 4.3 Sports 4.4 Calendar 4.5 Participating NPCs 5 Medal count 6 Events Highlights 7 Coverage 7.1 Local coverage 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

[edit]Venues

2008 Summer Paralympics
Bid process Torch relay Mascot Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Medal table Closing ceremony Event calendar Chronological summary Olympics (medal table)
IPC · CPC · SF&OCHK · BOCOG

The Beijing National Stadium

Main articles: 2008 Summer Olympics venues and Olympic Green

Nineteen competition venues—seventeen in Beijing, one in Hong Kong, and one inQingdao—have been selected for the 2008 Summer Paralympics.^[4]

1. Beijing National Stadium (Birds Nest)
2. Beijing National Aquatics Center (Water Cube)
3. Beijing National Indoor Stadium (Fan)
4. Fencing Gymnasium of Olympic Green Convention Centre
5. Olympic Green Archery Field
6. Olympic Green Hockey Field
7. Olympic Green Tennis Centre (Flowers)
8. Peking University Gymnasium
9. Beihang University Gymnasium
10. China Agricultural University Gymnasium
11. Beijing Science and Technology University Gymnasium
12. Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium
13. Beijing Shooting Range Hall
14. Laoshan Mountain Bike Course
15. Workers Gymnasium
16. Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park
17. Triathlon Venue
18. Hong Kong Equestrian Venues
19. Qingdao International Sailing Centre

[edit]Symbols

[edit]Emblem

The emblem, "Sky, Earth, and Human Beings" (Chinese: 天、地、人), is a multicolored Chinese character "之" (Chinese: zhī) stylized as an athletic figure in motion. The red, blue, and green in the emblem represent sun, sky, and earth.^[5]

[edit]Slogan

The slogan is the same as the 2008 Summer Olympics, "One World, One Dream".

Lele, mascot of the 2008 Summer Paralympics

[edit]Mascots

The mascot is a cartoon cow named Fu Niu Lele (Chinese: 福牛樂樂), roughly meaning "Lucky Ox 'Happy'".^[6]

[edit]Theme song

The theme song, sung by Han Hong, well known and popular Cantonese singer Andy Lau is 'Flying with the Dream' Chinese: 和夢一起飛.^[7]

[edit]Torch Relay

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The torch relay of the 2008 Summer Paralympics started from Tian Tan(Temple of Heaven) on August 28. The flame then gathered before The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (祈年殿) and followed two routes (the "Route of Ancient China" and the "Route of Modern China"). Both routes returned to Beijing on September 5, and the torch was flamed at the National Stadium during the Opening Ceremony on September 6.

[edit]The Games

Further information: highlights, medal table, and medal winners

[edit]Opening ceremony

Main articles: 2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony and 2008 Summer Paralympics national flag bearers

The opening ceremony took place on September 6, 2008. The pre-ceremony performance was a succession of various musical performances, ranging from military music to folk music and a performance of Ode to Joy.^[8] Following a countdown, a fireworks display signalled the beginning of the ceremony proper. The national flag of China was then raised, in accordance with usual protocol, and the national anthem of China performed.^[8] Performers wearing suits in bright colours paraded round the stadium, as a welcoming ceremony preceding the athletes' entry.^[8] As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, the ceremony included a parade of nations, with a flag bearer for each national team. Contrary to Olympic tradition, the national team of Greece did not enter first; the host country came last. As Chinese is written in characters and not letters, the order of the teams' entry was determined by the number of strokes in the first character of their respective countries' Simplified Chinese names.^[9] Countries with the same number of strokes in the first character are sorted by those of the next character. This made Guinea (幾內亞) the first country to enter as it takes two strokes to write the first character in the country's name (幾). Following the athletes' parade, a performance took place, divided into chapters and sub-chapters entitled the "Journey of Space" and "Journey of Life"^[8] The sunbird performance entailed Yang Haitao (楊海濤), a singer with a visual impairment, singing about dreams while an acrobat in sunbird costume descended in simulated flight from the air and "awakened the blind singer from his sleep".^[8] The ceremony concludes with Hou Bin, the high jump gold medalist with one leg lighting the flame cauldron.^[10]

[edit]Closing ceremony

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony

The 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony was held at the Beijing National Stadium. It began at 8:00 pm China Standard Time(UTC+8) on September 17, 2008.^[11]

[edit]Sports

Twenty sports are on the program:

Archery  Athletics  Boccia  Cycling  Equestrian  Football 5-a-side  Football 7-a-side

Goalball  Judo  Powerlifting  Rowing  Sailing  Shooting  Swimming

Table tennis  Volleyball  Wheelchair basketball  Wheelchair fencing  Wheelchair rugby  Wheelchair tennis

Rowing made its first appearance in the Paralympics at these games.

[edit]Calendar

●

Opening ceremony

Event competitions

●

Event finals

●

Closing ceremony

September	6th Sa	7th Su	8th M	9th Tu	10th W	11th Th	12th F	13th Sa	14th Su	15th M	16th Tu	17th W
Archery
Athletics
Boccia
Cycling
Equestrian
Football (soccer) 5-a-side
Football (soccer) 7-a-side
Goalball
Judo
Powerlifting
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Swimming
Table tennis
Volleyball
Wheelchair basketball
Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair rugby
Wheelchair tennis
Ceremonies	●											●
September	6th Sa	7th Su	8th M	9th Tu	10th W	11th Th	12th F	13th Sa	14th Su	15th M	16th Tu	17th W

[edit]Participating NPCs

The following National Paralympic Committees sent delegations to compete.^[12] Macau and the Faroe Islands are members of theInternational Paralympic Committee, but not of the International Olympic Committee; hence they participate in the Paralympic Games but not in the Olympics.

Burundi and Gabon were participating in the Paralympics for the first time.^[13][14]

Afghanistan  Algeria  Angola  Argentina  Armenia  Australia  Austria  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Bangladesh  Barbados  Belarus  Belgium  Benin  Bermuda  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Botswana  Brazil  Bulgaria  Burkina Faso  Burundi  Cambodia  Canada  Cape Verde  Central African Republic  Chile  China  Colombia  Costa Rica  Côte d'Ivoire  Croatia  Cuba  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Dominican Republic  Ecuador  Egypt  El Salvador  Estonia  Ethiopia  Faroe Islands  Fiji  Finland  France  Gabon  Georgia  Germany  Ghana  Great Britain

Greece  Guatemala  Guinea  Haiti  Honduras  Hong Kong  Hungary  Iceland  India  Indonesia  Iran  Iraq  Ireland  Israel  Italy  Jamaica  Japan  Jordan  Kazakhstan  Kenya  Kuwait  Kyrgyzstan  Laos  Latvia  Lebanon  Lesotho  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Libya  Macau  Macedonia  Madagascar  Malaysia  Mali  Malta  Mauritius  Mexico  Moldova  Mongolia  Montenegro  Morocco  Myanmar  Namibia  Nepal  Netherlands  New Zealand  Niger  Nigeria  Norway  Oman

Pakistan  Palestine  Panama  Papua New Guinea  Peru  Philippines  Poland  Portugal  Puerto Rico  Qatar  Romania  Russia  Rwanda  Samoa  Saudi Arabia  Senegal  Serbia  Singapore  Slovakia  Slovenia  South Africa  South Korea  Spain  Sri Lanka  Suriname  Sweden  Switzerland  Syria  Chinese Taipei  Tajikistan  Tanzania  Thailand  Timor-Leste  Tonga  Tunisia  Turkey  Turkmenistan  Uganda  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates  United States  Uruguay  Uzbekistan  Vanuatu  Venezuela  Vietnam  Zambia  Zimbabwe

[edit]Medal count

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics medal table

The top ten ranked NPCs at these Games are listed below. (Host nation is highlighted.)

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	China	89	70	52	211
2	Great Britain	42	29	31	102
3	United States	36	35	28	99
4	Ukraine	24	18	32	74
5	Australia	23	29	27	79
6	South Africa	21	3	6	30
7	Canada	19	10	21	50
8	Russia	18	22	23	63
9	Brazil	16	14	17	47
10	Spain	15	21	22	58

[edit]Events Highlights

Main article: 2008 Summer Paralympics highlights

[edit]Coverage

This section requires expansion.

[edit]Local coverage

• Australia - Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) will present coverage of the Paralympic Games, on ABC1 and ABC2.
• Brazil - SporTV2 and Terra Networks (online)^[15]
• Canada - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is providing coverage on their television and radio networks as well as extensive online coverage at CBC Paralympics in English. TV coverage consists of four digest shows. In French, Radio Canada (SRC), CBC's French language arm, is providing coverage in the form of two digests on television, with news articles on the web.
• China, People's Republic of - Chinese Central Television (CCTV) provides coverage on CCTV-5 and CCTV-7.
• France - Eurosport
• Japan - NHK
• Norway - NRK
• Sweden - Sveriges Television
• Turkey - TRT
• United States of America - Universal Sports, an online subsidiary of NBC Universal, provides live streaming of selected Paralympic Games events (free registration required).
• United Kingdom - BBC is providing extensive coverage on television, and online.

In France, following the Games, Philippe Juvin, national secretary of the governing Union for a Popular Movement, accused national public television network France Télévisions of having practiced "segregation" by providing live coverage of the Beijing Olympics but only ten minute daily summaries of events, outside prime time, for the Beijing Paralympics. France Télévisions replied that it would take Juvin to court forslander.^[16][17]

While the Games were not broadcast live in the United States, NBC broadcast a documentary featuring highlights and athlete profiles on November 9, 2008, followed by a week-long series of coverage shown by Universal Sports beginning the day after.^[18]